Click on the Terra Nova Skill to access web sites that contain lesson plans, practice and other helpful ideas in teaching these skills.
| Terra Nova Skill | Sub-skills | Objective(s) |
| Sentence Structure | Subject/Predicate |
1. Use subject-verb agreement 2. Identify simple and compound subject and simple and complete predicate |
| Complete/Fragment/Run-on |
1. Distinguish correctly formed sentences from sentence fragments or run-on
sentences 2. Identify the four types of sentences |
|
| Sentence Structure/Combining |
1. Identify misplaced modifiers 2. Correctly combine sentences using conjunctions and, or, and but |
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| Writing Strategies | Relevance |
1. Identify parts of and write complete sentences 2. Identify parts of and write friendly letters and envelopes 3. Write comparisons/contrast |
| Sequences |
1. Write in logical sequence with correct use of subject-verb agreement 2. Write in correct sequence nouns and pronouns in the subject or predicate |
|
| Topic Sentences |
1. Write narratively about selected topic using topic sentences with
supporting pertinent details 2. Correctly select the topic sentence from any written passage |
|
| Supporting Sentences |
1. Recognize inappropriate sentence that does not belong with paragraph 2. Put supporting sentence in the correct place in a paragraph |
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| Topic Selection | ||
| Organize Information |
1. Respond to a writing prompt using a main idea and detail sentences with
emphasis on explanation and illustration of key ideas 2. Use organizational tools (i.e.,graphic organizer, webs, Venn diagrams, outlines, blank formats for book reports) |
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| Information Sources | Use glossary, dictionary, atlas, thesaurus, encyclopedia, and Internet to support writing | |
| Writing Strategies | Write a neat final draft after proofreading and revising using correct editing marks | |
| Editing Skills | Usage |
1. Identify and use correct capitalization of the first word of a sentence,
address, titles, dates, the pronoun "I," proper nouns, initials, and in
quotations 2. Introduce and write dialogue correctly 3. Use commas correctly in a series, parts of a letter/envelope, after exclamatory remarks, in direct address, in compound sentences, and in dialogue |
| Punctuation | Use correct ending punctuation marks | |
| Capitalization | Identify and use correct capitalization of the first word of a sentence, address, titles, dates, the pronoun "I," proper nouns, initials, and in quotations | |
| Proofreading | Use system-wide editing marks to proofread spelling, grammar, and punctuation | |
| Sentences, Phrases, Clauses | End Mark |
1. Identify the punctuation needed to complete sentences accurately 2. Know names of end marks of punctuation |
| Commas |
1. Demonstrate the correct use of commas between the name of a city and
state 2. Demonstrate the correct use of commas in lists 3. Demonstrate the correct use of commas in dates 4. Demonstrate the correct use of commas in friendly letters 5. Demonstrate the correct use of commas in separating quoted words of a speaker from the remainder of the sentence 6. Use commas in introductory expressions and following a direct address |
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| Quotation Marks | Punctuate direct quotations correctly | |
| Writing Conventions | Proper Nouns |
1. Identify proper nouns 2. Capitalize proper nouns and proper adjectives derived from a noun (i.e., American) |
| Capitalize Title |
1. Capitalize title correctly in stories, poems, books, movies, and music 2. Use underlining or quotation marks correctly with titles |
|
| Apostrophe |
1. Demonstrate correct use of an apostrophe in contractions 2. Demonstrate correct use of an apostrophe in possessives (singular and plural) |
|
| City/State |
1. Capitalize the first letter in the name of a city 2. Capitalize the first letter in the name of a state |
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| Letter Parts |
1. Identify parts of and write friendly letters 2. Correctly address envelopes and return addresses |
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| Vowels | Long Vowels | Identify the correct spelling of long vowel sounds in words presented in sentences and phrases |
| Short Vowels |
1. Identify the correct spelling of short vowel sounds in words presented in
sentences and phrases 2. Recognize variant vowels by identifying the same vowel sounds as the underlined part of the stimulus word |
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| Schwa | Recognize the schwa sound in the unstressed syllable of a word | |
| Irregular Spelling | Demonstrate use of irregular spellings when changing singular words to plural | |
| Other Digraph | Use correct spellings of consonant digraphs; ch,nk, sh, and th | |
| r-controlled vowels | Identify and spell correctly r-controlled vowels | |
| Consonants | Variant Spelling | Recognize correct spelling of words that do not follow standard spelling rules |
| Double Letter |
1. Recognize correct spelling of words containing a double consonant 2. Demonstrate the use of doubling an ending consonant when adding suffixes |
|
| Structural Units | Suffix |
1. Identify words with suffixes 2. Form new words by adding suffixes to base words |
| Root Word |
1. Identify the root word 2. Recognize distinctions between root words, affixes, and random letter groups |
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| Structural Units | Recognize distinctions between prefix, suffix, similar word part, homonym, root word, and compound structural units |
| Terra Nova Skills | Sub-skills | Objective(s) |
| Number & Number Relations | Read, Recognize Numbers |
1. Read and write numbers through 999,999,999 2. Identify word name for numbers through 999,999,999 3. Recognize and continue number patterns |
| Roman Numerals | Recognize and write Roman Numbers through 1,000 | |
| Compare/Order Whole Numbers | Order and compare numbers to 999,999 | |
| Compare/Order Decimals | Order/compare decimals to hundredths | |
| Compare/Order Fractions | Order/compare fractions with like denominators | |
| Ordinal Numbers | Write ordinal numbers to twentieth | |
| Place Value Whole Numbers | Identify place value and total value through 999,999 | |
| Expanded Form | Write and identify numbers in expanded form through 999,999 | |
| Place Value Decimals | Identify, read, and write place and total value of decimal number up to hundredths place | |
| Fractional Part | Identify and compare fractions with like denominators | |
| Improper/Mixed Fractions | Change improper fractions to mixed and mixed to improper | |
| Odd, Even Numbers | Recognize odd and even numbers | |
| Factors | Identify the factors of a 2-digit number | |
| Multiples | Identify multiples by skip-counting | |
| Number Line | Locate whole numbers on a number line | |
| Rounding Whole Numbers | Round whole numbers through 999,999 to different place values | |
| Estimation | Use different strategies for estimating | |
| Rounding Money | Round money to nearest 10 cents, dollar, and ten dollars | |
| Computation & Numerical Estimation | Addition Computation | Add 2-, 3-, and 4-digit numbers with regrouping |
| Subtraction Computation | Subtraction of 2-,3-, and 4-digit numbers with regrouping | |
| Multiplication/Division Facts | Recall from memory, in and out of sequence, multiplication and division facts through 9 | |
| Multiplication Computation | Multiply up to 4-digits by a 1- or 2-digit number | |
| Division Computation | Divide a 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-digit number by a 1-digit number with and without a remainder | |
| Computation in Context | Use whole number operations to solve real-world problems; choose appropriate operations and methods for solving real-world applications | |
| Using Charts, Tables | Use information from tables, charts, and graphs to solve problems involving the for basic operations of whole numbers | |
| Computation with Money | Solve money problems using addition and subtraction up to $99 | |
| Estimation | Use rounding to estimate sums, differences, and products | |
| Estimation with Money | Use rounding to estimate sums and differences with money | |
| Recognizing When to Estimate | Apply estimation strategies to predict results of operations | |
| Decimals | Add/subtract decimals without regrouping | |
| Fractions | Add/subtract fractions | |
| Operation Concepts | Model Problem Situation | Identify information needed to solve a word problem |
| Write Number Sentence | Write a number sentence to solve a problem | |
| Operation Sense | Solve 1-step problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and basic division facts | |
| Operation Properties | Determine the appropriate operation | |
| Order of Operations | Solve problems following the order of operations | |
| Measurement | Length/Distance | Measure length to nearest inch and half-inch |
| Time | Indicate time to the nearest minute on a standard clock | |
| Time Relationships | Identify time relationships (minute/hr, hr/day, am/pm, day/week) | |
| Calendar | Use a calendar to show time relationships | |
| Use Ruler/Customary | Measure to the nearest 1/4 inch | |
| Use Ruler/Metric | Measure to nearest millimeter | |
| Mass/Weight | Measure weight and mass in customary or metric units | |
| Temperature | Indicate temperature to the nearest degree on a Celsius or Fahrenheit thermometer | |
| Area/Counting | Measure the area of a figure by counting square units | |
| Area/Formula | Measure the area of squares and rectangles using the formula LxW | |
| Volume/Capacity | Measure the volume or capacity by using the formula LxWxH | |
| Estimate | Estimate an appropriate measurement | |
| Scale, Draw, Map & Model |
1. Convert distances on maps to actual values using scale 2. Solve problems using whole number data from maps |
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| Perimeter | Find the perimeter of a polygon with four sides or less | |
| Convert Metric | Convert metric units | |
| Convert Customary | Convert customary units | |
| Select Appropriate Tool | Identify appropriate tools needed for measurement | |
| Select Appropriate Unit | ||
| Geometry & Spatial Sense | Plane Figure | Classify and name polygons up to eight sides |
| Solid Figure | Identify solid figures (faces, edges, and vertices) | |
| Congruence, Similarity | Compare line segments or polygons for congruency | |
| Coordinate Geometry | ||
| Symmetry |
1. Distinguish between symmetrical and non-symmetrical figures 2. Identify, demonstrate, and explain lines of symmetry 3. Show an understanding of symmetry by completing a symmetrical figure |
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| Visualization, Spatial Reasoning | Use manipulatives and shapes to explore spatial relationships | |
| Combine/Subdivide Shapes | Use manipulatives and shapes to explore combining and subdividing shapes | |
| Parallel, Perpendicular | Explore relationships of parallel and perpendicular | |
| Transformations | Demonstrate slides, flips, and turns | |
| Apply Geometry Properties |
1. Identify points, lines, line segments, rays and angles 2. Make connections to the real world |
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| Data Analysis, Statistics & Probability | Read Bar Graph | Gather information from data on a bar graph |
| Use Data to Solve Problems | Use information from tables, charts, and graphs to solve problems involving the four basic operations on whole numbers | |
| Compare Data | Evaluate data from different sources and make a comparison | |
| Interpret Data Display | Interpret information given from a list of data | |
| Select Data Display | Select the correct graph or chart to match data given | |
| Describe/Evaluate Data | Formulate an evaluation according to data given and evaluate the likelihood of an event occurring | |
| Probability | Investigate probabilities through experiments with devices that generate random outcomes | |
| Read Table, Chart, Diagram | Read and interpret a table, chart, or diagram | |
| Complete/Construct Data Display | Complete missing information or choose correct data to complete display | |
| Restructure Data Display | ||
| Evaluate Conclusions Draw from Data | Choose the correct evaluation from given data | |
| Draw Conclusions from Data | Draw conclusions based on data given | |
| Patterns, Functions, Algebra | Geometric Pattern | Follow and extend a given geometric pattern |
| Number Pattern |
1. Extend a given pattern 2. Solve problems involving pattern identification and completion of patterns |
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| Missing Element | Identify and locate missing whole numbers on a number line | |
| Function | Describe a relationship of one quantity depending on another quantity | |
| Model Problem Situation | Use models to represent various problem situations | |
| Problem Solving & Reasoning | Solve Non-Routine Problems | Identify information needed to solve problems |
| Proportional Reasoning | Find solutions using basic proportional reasoning | |
| Spatial Reasoning | Follow and extend spatial relationships | |
| Deductive/Inductive Reasoning | Solve problems using deductive/inductive reasoning | |
| Identify Missing/Extra Information | Identify missing and extra information | |
| Formulate Problem | Formulate a problem from given information | |
| Generalize Solution | Select a solution based on given information | |
| Evaluate Solution | Evaluate solutions based on given information | |
| Model Math Situation | Use models to represent solutions to math situations | |
| Relate Models to Ideas | Use models to represent conclusions drawn from ideas | |
| Explain Thinking | Demonstrate logical reasoning to formulate a solution | |
| Explain Solution Process | Explain process of formulating a solution | |
| Add Whole Numbers | Add Whole Numbers w/Regrouping | Add whole numbers with regrouping |
| Subtract Whole Numbers | Subtract Whole Numbers w/Regrouping | Subtract whole numbers with regrouping |
| Multiply Whole Numbers | Multiply Whole Numbers w/Regrouping | Multiply whole numbers with regrouping |
| Multiply Whole Numbers without Regrouping | Multiply whole numbers without regrouping | |
| Multiply Whole Numbers Basic Facts | ||
| Divide Whole Numbers | Divide Whole Numbers, No Remainder | Divide whole numbers without a remainder |
| Divide Whole Numbers with Remainder | Divide whole numbers with a remainder | |
| Decimals | Adding Decimals | Add decimals with and without regrouping |
| Subtracting Decimals | Subtract decimals with and without regrouping | |
| Fractions | Adding Fractions | Add and multiply fractions |
| Subtracting Fractions | Subtract and divide fractions |
| Terra Nova Skill | Sub-skills | Objective(s) |
| Basic Understanding | Vocabulary | Identify and use context clues to help determine the meanings of unfamiliar words |
| Stated Information | Recall facts and story details | |
| Sequence | Identify, recall, and order events that occur in a passage | |
| Initial Understanding | Demonstrate understanding of a passage | |
| Stated Information Graphics | Get information from photos and their captions, graphs, and timelines | |
| Analyze Text | Main Idea/Theme | Identify the main idea and supporting details in a passage |
| Support Evidence | Distinguish between important and unimportant information in a story | |
| Conclusions | Make inferences about a character's feelings based on information read and known | |
| Cause/Effect | Determine cause and effect of relationships based on text | |
| Compare/Contrast | Analyze similarities and differences in characters or events | |
| Story Elements/Character | Make inferences about and analyze characters | |
| Story Elements/Setting | Make inferences about and analyze the setting | |
| Story Elements/Plot | Identify and make inferences about the important events in the beginning, middle, and end of a story and analyze the plot | |
| Literary Techniques | Read and be exposed to a variety of literary techniques such as figurative language, poetry, imagery, and humor (techniques should include idioms, metaphors, and similes) | |
| Nonfiction Elements | Recognize prose writing that presents and explains ideas that tell about real people, places, objects, or events by reading biographies, essays, newspaper articles, etc. | |
| Evaluate & Extend Meaning | Generalize | Make inferences and recognize unstated assumptions |
| Fact/Opinion | Distinguish between a statement that can be proven to be true or false from statements that reflect someone's personal belief | |
| Predict/Hypothesize | Use story clues to make predictions in a given selection | |
| Author/Purpose | Identify the reason an author wrote a story (to entertain, to persuade, to inform, or to express feelings or beliefs) | |
| Author/Point of View | Determine an author's purpose for writing and identify his/her point of view | |
| Author/Tone | Determine the author's attitude and how the reader will feel after reading the selection | |
| Extend/Apply Meaning | Transfer what has been learned to evaluate new situations | |
| Reality/Fantasy | Discern things that could happen in real life from things that could not really happen | |
| Critical Assessment | Use prior knowledge to assess and analyze information and be able to explain inferences | |
| Identify Reading Strategies | Make Connections | Make connections between text and knowledge and experience |
| Utilize Structure | Recognize the way information in a story or article is organized | |
| Vocabulary Strategies | Identify and use context clues to understand unfamiliar words | |
| Self-Monitor | Check understanding of a selection by questioning, predicting, clarifying, etc. | |
| Graphic Strategies | Use a chart or diagram to order steps in a process | |
| Formulate Questions | Engage in a thinking process while reading in an effort to understand characters and events | |
| Apply Genre Criteria | Determine the characteristics of types of literature (i.e., poetry, prose, and drama) | |
| Summarize | Summarize a story | |
| Synthesize Across Text | Bring together various types of information from different sources | |
| Word Meaning | Synonyms | Identify words with similar or equal meaning and use them in a paragraph to define unfamiliar words |
| Antonyms | Identify words with opposite meanings and use them in a paragraph to define unfamiliar words | |
| Appropriate Meaning | Select the word that fits a sentence and give the desired connotation | |
| Multimeaning Words | Multimeaning Words | Identify and use multiple-meaning words and determine their meanings including homographs |
| Words in Context | Words in Context | Use context clues to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words |
| Terra Nova Skill | Sub-skills | Objective(s) |
| Science Inquiry | Ability |
1. Conduct investigations that involve asking and answering questions about
objects, organisms, and environmental events 2. Conduct simple investigations involving the proper equipment and tools to communicate the results 3. Interpret data obtained from simple investigations, thereby forming reasonable explanations |
| Physical Science | Properties of Matter |
1. Identify objects using observable properties (i.e., mass, length, and
volume), and measure those properties with the proper equipment 2. Identify properties of density and boiling and freezing points 3. Recognize materials exist in different states (i.e., solid, liquid, and gas) 4. Introduce the atom as the basic unit of matter 5. Distinguish that heat changes state through evaporation and condensation |
| Light, Heat, Electricity |
1. Identify the basic properties of light such as reflection, refraction,
and absorption 2. Observe ways heat can be transferred through conduction, radiation and convection 3. Identify ways energy influences our lives 4. Explore ways energy is never lost, but how it changes form |
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| Motion, Forces & Magnetism |
1. Identify simple machines and their uses 2. Recognize the position of an object 3. Observe friction and its effects 4. Be introduced to gravity as a force 5. Distinguish the differences between mass and weight 6. Practice applying the criteria of the greater the object, the greater the force needed to move the object |
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| Life Science | Characteristics of Organisms |
1. Identify an organism's basic needs (i.e.,air, food, and water) 2. Distinguish characteristics of plants and animals through structures that serve different functions 3. Be introduced to organisms being classified into kingdoms |
| Structures & Functions |
1. Recognize cells as the basic unit of all living things 2. Know the relationship of cells, tissues, organs, and systems (i.e., digestive, nervous, circulatory) |
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| Diversity & Adaptation |
1. Distinguish between vertebrates and invertebrates 2. Observe characteristics between warm and cold blooded organisms 3. Recognize that organisms have adaptations for defense and survival 4. Know that environmental change affects organisms by making some endangered or extinct |
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| Life Cycles |
1. Recognize organisms resemble their parents through certain
characteristics (i.e., hair and eye color) 2. Explore why reproduction is necessary for a species to survive |
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| Organisms & Environments | Be introduced to photosynthesis and cellular respiration | |
| Regulation & Behavior |
1. Identify relationships within a food chain through producers, consumers,
decomposers, herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores 2. Explain how organisms can be affected by a change in the environment |
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| Populations & Ecosystems | Recognize various populations and communities make-up an ecosystem | |
| Earth & Space Science | Objects in the Sky |
1. Observe the moon changing shape in a predictable pattern 2. Distinguish between rotation and revolution of the Earth 3. Classify meteorites, meteoroids, and asteroids 4. Explore careers and technology in space (i.e., Hubble Telescope, NASA) |
| Changes in the Earth & Sky |
1. Identify ways temperature, precipitation, wind direction, and speed
affect weather 2. Recognize tools for measuring precipitation, wind speed, and wind direction 3. Know the stages of the water cycle 4. Observe the ways landforms and bodies of water affect weather 5. Observe a change in the Earth's surface by slow processes (erosion and weathering) |
|
| Properties of Earth Materials |
1. Be introduced to the three layers of the Earth (i.e., core, mantle, and
crust) 2. Be introduced to the differences between renewable and nonrenewable resources 3. Observe the components of the rock cycle and identify igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks |
|
| Earth's History |
1. Recognize ways moving water, wind and ice change landforms 2. Be introduced to the plate tectonics theory |
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| Earth in the Solar System |
1. Identify the planets and their positions in the solar system 2. Distinguish between lunar and solar eclipses 3. Be introduced to gravity as a force 4. Be introduced to the solar system as part of the Milky Way universe |
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| Earth System |
1. Identify the layers of the Earth and characteristics of each 2. Be introduced to the major types of clouds 3. Be introduced to ways oceans affect climate 4. Observe ways human activities affect land, ocean and the atmosphere 5. Be introduced to water as the universal solvent 6. Describe conditions that affect climate (i.e., temperature, air pressure, vapor) 7. Be introduced to weather collecting instruments such as a barometer, thermometer, and anemometer |
|
| Science & Technology | Understanding Science/Technology |
1. Use a five-step approach for learning outcomes which include: stating the
problem, design an approach, implement a solution, evaluate the solution,
and communicate each step 2. Explore solutions using tools such as those used for measurement 3. Distinguish between objects found in nature and objects designed by people |
| Personal & Social Perspectives in Science | Natural Resources |
1. Distinguish different resources from living and non-living environments 2. Identify several natural resources and ways resources can be extended and preserved through recycling and decreased use |
| Environmental Quality | Recognize that changes in the environment can be influenced by humans and can occur over long periods as well as rapidly | |
| Personal Health & Safety | Recognize personal care, nutrition, and avoiding harmful substances are essential for good health | |
| Risks/Benefits |
1. Investigate how new ideas and discoveries affect other people in both
positive and negative ways 2. Identify means in which science has significantly improved many areas of life such as transportation, health, and communication |
|
| History & Nature of Science | History of Science |
1. Recognize science and technology have been practiced for a long time 2. Recognize the study of science is a never-ending process and many career opportunities are available in science |
| Terra Nova Skill | Sub-skills | Objective(s) |
| Geographic Perspectives | Location, Place, Region |
1. Practice mapping skills (i.e.,reading maps, globes, graphs, and diagrams) 2. Discuss longitude and latitude 3. Name five regions and their major characteristics |
| Movement | ||
| Human Environment & Systems, Interactions, Effects on Society |
1. Examine the effects of technology on humans and environment 2. Discuss the Industrial Revolution 3. Explain ways people depend on land and resources and evaluate their decisions regarding their use |
|
| Process/Investigation/World in Spatial Terms | ||
| Historical & Cultural Perspectives | Time, Continuity, Change |
1. Understanding events and trends in order to interpret historical
information: past, present, and future 2. Compare historical interpretation of events 3. Review timelines at the beginning of each unit |
| People, Places, Events | Explore American territorial expansion from Europe to Native Americans | |
| Process / Investigation / Historical Research |
1. Explore variety of information on timelines 2. Explore maps, charts, and graphs as introduced in every chapter |
|
| Cultures, Cultural Diversity | Understand the contributions made to the development of the U.S. by immigrants, Native Americans, and African Americans | |
| Civics & Government/ Purpose of Government Perspectives | Basic Concepts |
1. Recognize who makes the laws in a community, country, state, and nation 2. Recognize Democratic values and principles 3. Understand basic rights and responsibilities of each citizen |
| American Ideals, Citizenship/Purpose of Government |
1. Introduce the principles of the Constitution 2. Understand the rights, responsibilities, requirements of citizenship |
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| Democratic Processes, Structures/Government Processes & Structure |
1. Understand and explain the lawmaking branch of our government 2. Identify the three branches of government |
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| Process/Investigation | Understanding information from graphs, maps, timelines, and various charts and pictures | |
| Economic Perspectives | Basic Concepts | Gain an understanding of fundamental economic concepts, applications, and economic systems |
| Production, Distribution, Consumption | Understand the concepts of supply and demand and the free-enterprise system | |
| Science / Technology / Society/ Global Connections, Interdependence | Create an understanding of the effects of technology |
Objectives courtesy of Bristol City Schools